masoud salmanihaghighi; Abbas Ganjali; sayyed mahdi nori keyzgani; hosein shamsabadi
Abstract
Today, there are new approaches in the field of literary criticism, one of which is psychoanalytical criticism. Psychoanalytic criticism is a form of literary criticism that applies ...
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Today, there are new approaches in the field of literary criticism, one of which is psychoanalytical criticism. Psychoanalytic criticism is a form of literary criticism that applies some themes and methods of psychoanalysis to literary texts and gives interpretations of these texts. One of the theories put forth in this field is Ervin Yalom's psychodynamic therapy theory, which explains the four ultimate concerns (fear of death, freedom and responsibility of choice, loneliness, and emptiness) and provides solutions for their treatment and reduction. In this essay, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, the aforementioned concerns and their treatment solutions have been analyzed in the novel "Zahr al-Limon and other stories" by Alaa al-Dib in the light of Yalom's approach. The results of the research show that the four concerns and their treatment methods are visible in the text of the novel. These four apprehensions are mostly seen in the main characters of the stories in the novel, and the other characters were surprised. Also, by examining the concerns mentioned in the text of the novel, it was found that out of a total of 88 cases, the loneliness component had the largest share among other concerns with 42 cases. The component of emptiness with 26, freedom and responsibility with 13 and fear of death with 7 items are in the next ranks.
